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Some memory chips, (eg sD, CE or USB memory sticks) are marked and sold as one capacity, but are infact much smaller in size. 

The chips will format correctly, and give every indication that they are size marked on the case.  In fact the firmware within the chip is normally 'fiddled with' to make sure they look genuine

When used, a few photos or video will be stored correctly, but maybe 90% on a full memory chip will be lost.  This tool is designed to test memory chips to ensure that they are valid.  There are two tests.

Test 1

The first test is to examine for data at the end of the memory chip and see if it is repeated earlier in the memory.  If this pattern is found then it unfortunately indicates that it is too late, and data has been lost

Test 2

The second test is only required if there is no data written at the end of the physical chip, such as when the memory chip is new.  In this test, a sector with a unique pattern is written near the end of the physical memory.  The memory chip is then examined to see if this new data occurs else where on the memory chip.  If the pattern is found again, then this is a fake memory chip, if it is not found, then the chip is valid.